GUI

[root@localhost root]# service xfs start

ð To run the GRI - Graphical User Interface, xfs service is must be required.

[root@localhost root]# switchdesk

ð We can choose different desktop by this command. This command will work only in GUI.

[root@localhost root]# startx

ð To run GUI from CUI - Character User Interface.

[root@localhost root]# startx :--1

[root@localhost root]# startx :--2

ð To run more then one GUI.

[root@localhost root]# gdm

[root@localhost root]# kdm

[root@localhost root]# xdm

ð To run Gnome desktop or K desktop or X desktop.

Kernel customization

First, download and install the kernel source code. The rpm name is kernel-source.rpm.

[root@localhost root]# rpm -ivh kernel-source.rpm

ð It will ask you all the necessary rpm which are must need for kernel-source.rpm.

[root@localhost root]# rpm -ivh ncurses

ð By this program it is easy to change the configuration.

[root@localhost root]# cd /usr/src/linux-2.4

ð Now we go to linux-2.4 directory and give some following commands.

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make Xconfig

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make menuconfig

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make mrproper

ð Make mrproper command are used to check all the necessary rpm are installed or not and can it possible to kernel compilation?

ð Make xconfig to use an X Window system base configuration program to configure the kernel.

ð Make menuconfig is used as text mode to configure the kernel.

After make new kernel configuration, give the command,

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make dep

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make bzImage

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make modules

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make modules_install

ð After giving this above command, it will take more times and display all the working information. After completion of above commands, the module files will be stored in /lib/module directory.

Now, to know the Red hat version we can execute the command as

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# uname -u

2.4-8

ð It will show the Red hat version number.

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# mkinitrd

Example,

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# mkinitrd initrd1 2.4-8

ð To make initrd file. And this file will be created in the current directory and it is called module.

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# ls

initrd1

.. ... .... ...

ð Now, we will copy the initrd file to "/boot" directory.

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# cp initrd1 /boot/initrd1

ð Here initrd1 is the file name of new initrd.

Another bzImage file will create which is called kernel. The path is given below.

[root@localhost root]# cd /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot

[root@localhost boot]# ls

bzImage

... ... .... ... ...

Now we should copy the file in /boot directory with different file name. Consider file name is vmlinuz-2.4.8

[root@localhost boot]# cp bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.8

ð Now, it will copy the module file to "/boot" directory.

Now, we will make a new setting in the GRUB boot loader.

[root@localhost root]# vi /etc/grub.conf

# grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,9) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hda11 # initrd /initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/hda default=1 timeout=6 splashimage=(hd0,9)/grub/splash.xpm.gz title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20-8) root (hd0,9) kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-8 ro root=LABEL=/ initrd /initrd-2.4.20-8.img title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20-8) root (hd0,9) kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.8 ro root=LABEL=/ initrd /initrd1 title Windows rootnoverify (hd0,0) chainloader +1